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Contemporary Materials I−1 (2010)

Contemporary Materials, I–1 (2010)     Page 39 - 50

UDK 664.3:541.6

POLYMERS FROM BIOLOGICAL OILS

Z. S. Petrović

Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

Abstract

Ve­ge­ta­ble oils, fish oil and oils from al­gae are ex­cel­lent raw ma­te­ri­als for new polymers. The­se oils dif­fer in the struc­tu­re and un­sa­tu­ra­tion, but each of­fer spe­ci­fic advan­ta­ges. Ve­ge­ta­ble oils are inex­pen­si­ve and of­fer dif­fe­rent de­gre­es of un­sa­tu­ra­tion. Fish oils may ha­ve a very high de­gree of un­sa­tu­ra­tion.  Al­gal oils are new raw ma­te­ri­als with still unex­plo­red pos­si­bi­li­ti­es. Most oils are triglyce­ri­des but cas­hew nut oil is an aroma­tic com­po­und with a long hydro­car­bon chain. Di­rect polyme­ri­za­tion of oils has been used in co­a­tings for a long ti­me. Oils can be ther­mally polymerized by he­a­ting at a high tem­pe­ra­tu­re. The pro­ducts are oli­go­mers of high vi­sco­sity. We ha­ve de­ve­lo­ped a met­hod for ca­ti­o­nic polyme­ri­za­tion of oils at mild con­di­ti­ons, use­ful as lubricants and mo­di­fi­ers for rub­ber, asp­halt etc. Ho­we­ver, for high strength ma­te­ri­als, it is necessary to in­tro­du­ce fun­cti­o­nal gro­ups such are hydroxyls, car­boxyls, ami­ne etc. Hydroxyls are the most use­ful ones, sin­ce they open the who­le area of polyuret­ha­nes (fo­ams, co­a­tings, adhesives, ela­sto­mers and se­a­lants). One can uti­li­ze the triglyce­ri­de struc­tu­re or to use fatty acid de­ri­va­ti­ves, ope­ning a wi­de fi­eld of com­bi­na­ti­ons to su­it dif­fe­rent ma­te­rial requ­i­re­ments. This presen­ta­tion will gi­ve a cross-sec­tion of dif­fe­rent pos­si­bi­li­ti­es for crea­tion of new ma­te­ri­als from the bi­o­lo­gi­cal oils.

Keywords: Polymers, vegetable oils, renewavle raw materials.

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